1,2- and 1,4-additions to α,β-unsaturated ketones

1,3-Diaxial Interactions in Chair Conformations

3D Perspective Drawings-Visualizing in 3D

A General Mechanism for Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution

A Mechanism for Acetal formation

A Mechanism for Acid-Catalyzed Halogenation of Ketones

A Mechanism for Acid-Catalyzed Hydration

A Mechanism for Acid-Catalyzed Hydration of Alkenes

A Mechanism for Acid-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Esters

A Mechanism for Acid-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Nitriles

A Mechanism for Acid-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of an Amide

A Mechanism for Acid-Catalyzed Ring Opening of an Epoxide

A Mechanism for Acid-Catalyzed Tautomerization

A Mechanism for Acid-Catalyzed Tautomerization - ch21

A Mechanism for Acid-Catalyzed Transesterification

A Mechanism for Acidic Cleavage of an Ether

A Mechanism for Anionic Polymerization

A Mechanism for Anti Dihydroxylation of Alkenes

A Mechanism for Autooxidation

A Mechanism for Autoxidation of Ethers

A Mechanism for Base-Catalyzed Hydration

A Mechanism for Base-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Nitriles

A Mechanism for Base-Catalyzed Tautomerization

A Mechanism for Base-Catalyzed Tautomerization - ch21

A Mechanism for Base-Promoted Hydrolysis of Esters (Saponification)

A Mechanism for Biosynthesis of Cholesterol

A Mechanism for Biosynthesis of Farnesyl Pyrophosphate

A Mechanism for Biosynthesis of Geranyl Pyrophosphate

A Mechanism for Biosynthesis of Prostaglandins from Arachidonic Acid

A Mechanism for Bromination of Benzene

A Mechanism for Cationic Polymerization

A Mechanism for Chlorination of Benzene

A Mechanism for Cyanohydrin formation

A Mechanism for Dehydration of Amides

A Mechanism for Diazotization of Amines

A Mechanism for Dissolving Metal Reductions

A Mechanism for Elimination-Addition

A Mechanism for Enamine formation

A Mechanism for Epoxide Formation from Halohydrins

A Mechanism for Epoxide Ring Opening with a Strong Nucleophile

A Mechanism for Formation of N-Nitrosamines

A Mechanism for Formation of Nitrous Acid and Nitrosonium Ions

A Mechanism for Formation of an a-Amino Nitrile

A Mechanism for Friedel–Crafts Acylation

A Mechanism for Friedel–Crafts Alkylation

A Mechanism for Halogenation of Alkenes

A Mechanism for Halohydrin Formation

A Mechanism for Hydroboration Oxidation of Alkenes

A Mechanism for Hydrohalogenation of Alkenes

A Mechanism for Hydrolysis of Acetals

A Mechanism for Hydrolysis of Amides under Basic Conditions

A Mechanism for Hydrolysis of an Acid Chloride

A Mechanism for Hydrolysis of an Ester Under Basic Conditions

A Mechanism for Imine formation

A Mechanism for Installation of A Boc Protecting Group

A Mechanism for Nitration of Benzene

A Mechanism for Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution

A Mechanism for Nucleophilic Addition under Acidic Conditions

A Mechanism for Nucleophilic Addition under Basic Conditions

A Mechanism for Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution (SNAr)

A Mechanism for Oxidation of Thiols

A Mechanism for Oxidation of an Alcohol with Chromic Acid

A Mechanism for Peptide Bond Formation via DCC

A Mechanism for Preparation of Acid Chlorides via Thionyl Chloride

A Mechanism for Preparation of Sulfides from Thiols

A Mechanism for Radical Addition of HBr to an Alkene

A Mechanism for Radical Chlorination

A Mechanism for Radical Polymerization

A Mechanism for Radical Polymerization - ch27

A Mechanism for Reduction of a Ketone or Aldehyde with LiAlH4

A Mechanism for Reduction of a Ketone or Aldehyde with NaBH4

A Mechanism for Reduction of an Acid Chloride with LiAlH4

A Mechanism for Reduction of an Ester with LiAlH4

A Mechanism for Reduction of an Ester with LiAlH4 - ch20

A Mechanism for Removal of a Boc Protecting Group

A Mechanism for Removal of an Fmoc Protecting Group

A Mechanism for Sulfonation of Benzene

A Mechanism for Swern Oxidation

A Mechanism for The Reaction Between PBr3 and an Alcohol

A Mechanism for The Reaction Between SOCl2 and an Alcohol

A Mechanism for The Reaction Between a Grignard Reagent and a Ketone

A Mechanism for The Reaction Between a Grignard Reagent and an Ester

A Mechanism for The Williamson Ether Synthesis

A Mechanism for a Birch Reduction

A Mechanism for a Claisen Condensation

A Mechanism for a Retro-Aldol Reaction

A Mechanism for an Aldol Addition

A Mechanism for an Aldol Condensation

A Mechanism for the Azide Synthesis of Primary Amines

A Mechanism for the Baeyer–Villiger Oxidation

A Mechanism for the Edman Degradation

A Mechanism for the Fischer Esterification Process

A Mechanism for the Reaction Between a Grignard Reagent and a Ketone or Aldehyde

A Mechanism for the Reaction Between an Acid Chloride and a Grignard Reagent

A Mechanism for the Reaction Between an Ester and a Grignard Reagent

A Mechanism for the Reduction of Ketones or Aldehydes with Hydride Agents

A Mechanism for the Wittig Reaction

A Mechanism for the Wolff–Kishner Reduction

Amines as nucleophiles

Animation and Explanation of Carbocation Rearrangement

Animation and Explanation of a Carbocation Rearrangement (using Spartan)

Aromatic compounds as electrophiles (Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution)

Carbocation Stability

Carbocation rearrangements in ionic addition reactions

Challenge Problem 22.103

Challenge Problem 02.89

Challenge Problem 04.82

Challenge Problem 06.64

Challenge Problem 07.112

Challenge Problem 07.113

Challenge Problem 09.82

Challenge Problem 10.63

Challenge Problem 11.42

Challenge Problem 11.45

Challenge Problem 12.85

Challenge Problem 13.76

Challenge Problem 13.80

Challenge Problem 14.84

Challenge Problem 14.85

Challenge Problem 15.86

Challenge Problem 15.87

Challenge Problem 17.78

Challenge Problem 20.98

Challenge Problem 21.121

Challenge Problem 8.109

Comparing the Mechanisms for SN2, SN1, E1 and E2

Conformations of Ethane and Butane

Converting an OH into a Tosylate Leaving Group

Drawing Mechanism Arrows #1: Nucleophilic Attack

Drawing Mechanism Arrows #2: Loss of a Leaving Group

Drawing Mechanism Arrows #3: Proton Transfer

Drawing Mechanism Arrows #4: Rearrangements

Drawing Mechanism Arrows: Combining the Basic Moves

Drawing the Mechanism of a Proton Transfer

Drawing the Mechanism of an Alkene Addition Reaction

Drawing the mechanism for nucleophilic acyl substitutions

Drawing the mechanism of an aldol condensation

Drawing the mechanism of an electrophilic aromatic substitution

Drawing the mechanisms for radical reactions

Effects of Sterics on SN2 Reactions

Enantiomers, Diastereomers and Meso Compounds

Energy Diagram for electrophilic aromatic substitution

Energy Diagram: Conformations of Butane

Energy Diagram: Conformations of Ethane

Energy Diagrams for Substitution Reactions

Energy Diagrams in Organic Reaction Chemistry

Enolates as nucleophiles

Factors that Affect Leaving Groups

How do orbitals and hybridization states determine molecular geometry?

How to Analyze an IR signal

How to Videos index

Identifying Nucleophiles and Electrophiles

Identifying the Most Acidic Proton in a Molecule

Integrated Problem 02.80

Integrated Problem 03.77

Integrated Problem 03.78

Integrated Problem 04.79

Integrated Problem 05.79

Integrated Problem 05.80

Integrated Problem 06.57

Integrated Problem 09.76

Integrated Problem 10.59

Integrated Problem 12.76

Integrated Problem 16.80

Integrated Problem 16.81

Integrated Problem 17.70

Integrated Problem 18.92

Integrated Problem 19.94

Integrated Problem 20.91

Integrated Problem 8.101

Interconversion of carboxylic acid derivatives

Interpreting an NMR spectrum: chemical shift

Interpreting an NMR spectrum: overview

Interpreting an NMR spectrum: peak integration

Interpreting an NMR spectrum: peak multiplicity

Introduction to Nucleophiles and Electrophiles

Introduction to the Michael addition reaction

MO Theory applied to Diels-Alder Reactions

MO Theory: What is a Molecular Orbital?

MOs of conjugated dienes

Nomenclature of aromatic compounds

Nucleophilic attack of carbonyl compounds (strong nucleophiles)

Optical Activity and Racemic Mixtures

Overview of Resonance Patterns

Predicting Relative Acid Strength #1: Atoms

Predicting Relative Acid Strength #2: Resonance

Predicting Relative Acid Strength #3: Induction

Predicting Relative Acid Strength #4: Orbitals

Predicting Relative Acid Strength Overview: Comparing Conjugate Base Stability

Predicting Relative Acid Strength: Ranking the Factors, Example #1

Predicting Relative Acid Strength: Ranking the Factors, Example #2

Predicting the Products of Alkene Addition Reactions

Predicting the Stereochemistry of Alkene Addition Reactions

Predicting the number of signals in an NMR spectrum - symmetry

Predicting the products for aldol and Claisen condensations

Predicting the products of alkene formation

Predicting the products of electrophilic aromatic substitution

Proposing a Synthesis

Proton transfers in acyl substitution mechanisms

Protonation of a carbonyl group

Protonation of conjugated pi systems

Radical stability

Regiochemistry and Elimination (E2 vs E1)

Regiochemistry and Elimination (Zaitsev vs. Hofmann)

Regiochemistry in base-catalyzed opening of epoxides

Regioselectivity of Addition Reactions (Markovnikov vs Anti-Markovnikov)

Resonance Pattern #1: Allylic Lone Pairs

Resonance Pattern #2: Lone Pair Next to a Carbocation

Resonance Pattern #3: Carbocation Next to a pi Bond

Resonance Pattern #4: Pi Bond between Atoms that are Different

Resonance Pattern #5: Alternating pi Bonds in a Ring (Aromatic Resonance)

Resonance and Charge Delocalization/What is Resonance

Resonance and change delocalization/Five patterns

Resonance: Two Mistakes to Avoid